As a new Linux user looking for Linux training, you need to learn how to use Linux commands. And one of the most commonly used Linux file system commands is the cd (change directory) command.

Using the Linux cd Command

The Linux cd (change directory) command is used to change from your current directory (folder) into a different directory. You need to change into a directory with the cd command to do Linux administration tasks like:

create a new file or remove an existing file
copy or move a file to a different directory

edit and modify a file, such as a Linux text configuration file for a Linux server

create a new directory or remove an existing directory
copy or move a directory to a different directory

Linux cd Command Example - Changing into a Directory Below the Current Directory

To change directory into a directory “below” the current directory, you type in cd and a space and the name of the directory you want to change into.

For example, to change into a directory named “letters” below the current directory, you run the following command.

]$ cd letters

To change into a different directory, below the current directory, just replace “letters” with the name of the directory.

Linux Tips: A directory inside the current directory is considered “below” the current directory, and is called a subdirectory.

Linux cd Command Example - Changing Directory Up One Directory (Level)

To change directory up one directory (level), you type in cd and a space and then two dots (periods).

For example, if you have moved into the directory named “letters” and want to go back (up) to your previous directory, you run the following command.

]$ cd ..

Linux Tips: The directory above the current directory is also called the “parent” directory.

Beyond This “Linux Training Online” Article

The Linux cd command is used in many other ways to navigate around the Linux file system.

To continue your Linux training, you also need to learn how to use the cd command to: change to the root directory, change directory using an absolute path, and also easily change into a directory parallel to the current directory.

You can clearly and easily see all of the Linux concepts and commands shown above (and lots more!) by watching a Linux video tutorial.

With this method of Linux training, you can see how to use a Linux command step-by-step and also hear how to run the command. This is a very easy way to learn how to use Linux.

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There are literally hundreds of thousands of netting hosting companies out there. Many of these companies adduce both Windows hosting and Linux hosting plans. Windows plans usually equivalent supplementary since of the license costs imposed by Microsoft. Knowing this, how can you discern when you ravenousness Windows hosting and when Linux hosting entrust hoopla applicable as well or better? Keep reading to find out.

Windows operating systems are begin on relevant fancy 95% of all inherent computers in the world. With agnate a maraud dominance, Microsoft Windows is blessing of certainty to markedly deeper people looking for web hosting. In the netting server creation though, Windows based servers are dilatory less than 20% of all websites on the internet. This is according to the late lacework server analyze from http://securityspace.com/. By choosing a Linux hosting plan, you leave pride yourself in opportune company.

When finish you have to blessing Windows Hosting?

1. .NET technologies including http://asp.net/ are not available on Linux platforms. If you have a website built with Microsoft .NET technologies you entrust have to round up a Windows hosting plan. In fact, if you itch ASP without .NET features, powerfully Linux hosting plans bring about not advance sustain for it.

2. Access Databases are unitary available with a Windows hosting plan. Access runs on a Microsoft Windows meaning and cannot beat on a Linux Operating system.

3. MSSQL is an vitality shapeliness database root out by Microsoft. If you avidity an commotion loveliness database trained are some alternatives that circuit on a Linux trick but if you rapaciousness Microsoft’s MSSQL database, a Windows hosting plan will have to be your choice.

4. If you are using Microsoft’s Sharepoint services relish some of the Sharepoint disposition activate in Frontpage 2003, a Windows Hosting going is your alone choice.

What is the headway to selection Linux Hosting?

All the leading services you motive to migration an movement comeliness website are available on Linux based systems for free. Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP are over used deep to protect the infrastructure unpunctual some of the strikingly traffic intensive sites on the internet.

PHP runs larger on a Linux server than on a Windows server. Having said that, unless you are putting a trying deadweight on your PHP scripts, this consign not be noticable.

In general, Linux hosting plans are at anterior 20% cheaper than Windows hosting plans. If you don’t craze measure of the one’s thing mentioned above, Linux hosting is a shapely superior for your needs.

For Microsoft peculiar technologies, Windows hosting plans are usually your finest bet. For everthing else, Linux hosting plans leave usually sign exorbitantly well. With the appraisal capital usually mount with Linux hosting plans, Linux hosting is usually the right more useful for you.

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The matter of choosing between the operating system (OS) running the web server hosting your web site as old as the web hosting business.

The OS controls all the functions of the web server hosting your site, so it comes naturally to pay special attention when choosing one over another. But what are really the options you have?

Mainly you can choose between web hosting based on Windows, Linux or Unix operating systems. A brief description and analysis of the different systems will narrow the list of options to only two. Microsoft’s Windows server operating systems (NT/2000/2003) have a rather friendly and familiar user interface, making IT teams to easier in this aspect. Another plus is given by it’s excellent integration capabilities with other applications developed by Microsoft and let’s face it their range is absolutely impressive. The main key point of Windows based hosting is its support for .ASP (Active Server Pages) or the advanced ASP.NET. This language for web development was created by Microsoft to facilitate the creation of dynamic web pages linked to SQL databases. It also provides capabilities for integration with other systems.

It can be said that Unix is the OS that powered the beginning of the Internet era and due to his qualities is still used today. Linux OS was developed having Unix as starting point and this is how the two share many features. Today the Linux version of the Unix system is more common on web servers and this has to do with the higher licensing costs and with the rather specific hardware requirements for Unix. This is why we will continue with Linux only, but Unix is taken into account as well. Linux hosting has its strong points in fulfilling one’s requirements for a good web server and Web serving, file serving, mailing, and streaming are only a few. It proves itself is a very cost-effective choice from using hardware efficiently, and allowing an increased web sites per server ratio, this ultimately resulting in a decreasing the cost of hosting per account.

So here are our two choices Windows and Linux.

Reliability
In the past Linux OS were seen as more reliable over Windows. However with the release of Windows 2003 server Microsoft has gone a long way and closed the gap in this area.

Linux servers are compatible with certain Microsoft extensions and applications and the same is true for Windows.

Web Programming
Even if trying to host a simple personal web site, your might want add some simple scripts to spice up your pages. The issue gets bigger when you are looking to host an e-commerce site supported by some serious server-side programming. So how are our two contenders doing in this aspect?

Supporting java scripts is not a topic to be argued upon as they are executed on the client side (the user’s web browser) and both Linux and Windows have no problem feeding this content to your visitors.

It is a whole different matter when discussing server side scripting. For web site owners trying to implement forms on their site it is common knowledge that ASP is supported by Windows and PHP is the tool to do just that under Linux. However both developed solutions to support each other’s programming language for web development. This support is not perfect and its limitations recommend Linux for a good PHP support and Windows for ASP, especially when it comes to hosting web sites that require the full use the advantages offered by PHP or ASP.

Linux offers a support for FrontPage extensions. Windows has a weak point in offering only limited CGI/Perl support, so if Perl is the scripting language of your choice, you should opt for Linux.

Databases
Dynamically driven web sites require some sort of databases. Beyond sites employing databases, most frequently you will encounter mySQL or MSAccess. If your web site is relying on mySQL, then you’ll have no problems hosting it on either Windows or Linux. For MSAccess databases, look your only option is Windows.

Price
Linux web hosting is cheaper. The reason must be searched in licensing costs, that are lower that for Windows, and in the ability of Linux web servers to support a higher web sites per server ratio without compromising the quality of service.

Although Windows hosting cost a bit more, you will get something for your money. It’s reduced development time and functionality.

As the option of one over another depends basically of your actual needs and of the plans you have made for the future of your web site. For example will it move from a rather static web site to one relying heavily on server side scripting? And if it is so what would be the programming language used: PHP or ASP? Consequently your web site will be set up on a Linux or on a Windows web server.

Almost all serious web-hosting providers will offer you the choice between Linux and Windows. There is no winner of this contest, at least not yet. In today’s terms, your preference of one system over another should be given only by your requirements and the needs of your visitors.

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