As a new Linux user looking for Linux training, you need to learn how to use Linux commands. And one of the most commonly used Linux file system commands is the cd (change directory) command.

Using the Linux cd Command

The Linux cd (change directory) command is used to change from your current directory (folder) into a different directory. You need to change into a directory with the cd command to do Linux administration tasks like:

create a new file or remove an existing file
copy or move a file to a different directory

edit and modify a file, such as a Linux text configuration file for a Linux server

create a new directory or remove an existing directory
copy or move a directory to a different directory

Linux cd Command Example - Changing into a Directory Below the Current Directory

To change directory into a directory “below” the current directory, you type in cd and a space and the name of the directory you want to change into.

For example, to change into a directory named “letters” below the current directory, you run the following command.

]$ cd letters

To change into a different directory, below the current directory, just replace “letters” with the name of the directory.

Linux Tips: A directory inside the current directory is considered “below” the current directory, and is called a subdirectory.

Linux cd Command Example - Changing Directory Up One Directory (Level)

To change directory up one directory (level), you type in cd and a space and then two dots (periods).

For example, if you have moved into the directory named “letters” and want to go back (up) to your previous directory, you run the following command.

]$ cd ..

Linux Tips: The directory above the current directory is also called the “parent” directory.

Beyond This “Linux Training Online” Article

The Linux cd command is used in many other ways to navigate around the Linux file system.

To continue your Linux training, you also need to learn how to use the cd command to: change to the root directory, change directory using an absolute path, and also easily change into a directory parallel to the current directory.

You can clearly and easily see all of the Linux concepts and commands shown above (and lots more!) by watching a Linux video tutorial.

With this method of Linux training, you can see how to use a Linux command step-by-step and also hear how to run the command. This is a very easy way to learn how to use Linux.

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There are often several Linux OS (operating system) terms that are similar, the same, or somehow related.

This article will clear up the confusion about the terms: root user, / (root directory) and /root (the home directory of the root user)!

First, you will learn about the root user, and then see a brief description of the / (root) directory and the /root (home directory) of the root user.

Linux Tips: The articles with names ending in “Linux Concepts & Terms” help you learn Linux “geek-speak” (terms). By learning Linux terms (the Linux “lingo”) you will be able to understand Linux concepts and more easily learn how to use Linux. This is an excellent way to start your Linux training. The root User

To do Linux system administration tasks, like create Linux users and assign permissions to users, you work as the Linux user named root.

The root user has all permissions (rights, capabilities) to all of the Linux system, including all directories and files.

Linux users that are used for day-to-day tasks, like word processing and working on a spreadsheet, are referred to as “regular” or non-root users. When you’re not doing Linux system administration tasks, always work as a non-root user.

When doing Linux system administration, work as the root user and be extremely careful running Linux commands - because you could damage or destroy your Linux installation - and then immediately log out!

The root user is also referred to as superuser (no, really, and you don’t even get a cape!) and also referred to as su.

When you boot Linux to a console or terminal (and not a Linux desktop), you see a text (not GUI) Login: prompt and you can log in as root to do Linux administration tasks.

However, when you boot a Linux system that has a desktop, you log in at a GUI login prompt and then the Linux desktop appears.

For various security reasons, never log in to a Linux desktop as the root user. Log in to the Linux desktop as a “regular” (non-root) user and then open a Linux terminal (terminal emulation window) on the desktop and use the su command with the - (dash) option to log in and work as the root user.

Linux Tips: The Linux su command gets its name from the word superuser. The su command is run in a Linux terminal emulation window to log in and work as the root user, after logging in to a Linux desktop as a “regular” (non-root) user. Never log in to a Linux desktop as the root user.

Linux Tips: By default, the root user is locked (disabled, unusable) in Ubuntu Linux and you run the Linux sudo command along with Linux system administration commands rather than logging in as root - or using the su command to log in as root.

Now, imagine how easy it will be to learn how to use Linux by seeing all these Linux terms and concepts being clearly presented in a Linux video tutorial!

Related Linux Terms

Below are the terms that are similar to, and related to, the root user.

Similar Linux Terms: root user, / (root) directory in the Linux file system and /root (the home directory of the root user)

The / (root) Directory

The root directory of the Linux filesystem is represented (symbolized) by a / (forward slash). All directories in the Linux file system are “below”, or “off of” the / (root) directory.

The /root Directory - The Home directory of the root User

The directory named root, located directly “below” or “off of” the / (root) directory, is the “home” directory of the root user.

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The computer technician, or information technician (IT) as they are often called, has almost unlimited opportunity in the job market today. The field does have certain requirements. It is a three pronged thing. First, you must learn. This is the training stage. It can begin as early as high school. The training does not have to be all inside the classroom either. As more and more homes have personal computers, the opportunities for home CBT, or computer based training increases. A person with a serious interest in becoming a computer technician will spend at least as much time trying to understand how a computer game works as they do actually playing the game.

The second stage of preparation is the gaining of experience. The computer field is not all that much different from many other technical based fields. There is only so much you can learn from a book, and the rest you have to learn in a hands on environment. You have to roll your sleeves up and get your hands dirty. The third aspect of preparation is Certification. It is the combination of training and experience and it is the tangible indication of your skill.

One major one is the A+ certification. It is also called the ComTia A+ Certification after the Computing Technology Industry Association. This certificate is vendor neutral which means it spans the full spectrum of hardware and software producers. It covers the basics of computer technology including installation, configuration, diagnosing, preventive maintenance and basic networking. It also explores the domains of security, safety, and even environmental issues and professional standards. A+ boot camps are intensive training course designed to not only prepare you for the certification examination, but also to provide practical and hands on training. Another certificate program that is highly desirable for the computer technician is the MCSE certification. This is the Microsoft Certified System Engineer. You can prepare for this certification at MCSE boot camps also. This prepares you to work with Microsoft 2000 and 2003 Windows platforms and Microsoft Server Systems.

The proper preparation for a career as a computer technician is going to involve all three of these aspects. There are no real shortcuts to success here. You are going to need training, experience, and ultimately Certification to prosper. There are different ways to achieve these goals, and boot camps are one of the best ways to take care of all three at the same time.

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